{"id":11515,"date":"2021-10-27T05:02:32","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T05:02:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/assignmenttutors.net\/blog\/art-101-guide-3-history-homework-help\/"},"modified":"2021-10-27T05:02:32","modified_gmt":"2021-10-27T05:02:32","slug":"art-101-guide-3-history-homework-help","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/assignmenttutors.net\/blog\/art-101-guide-3-history-homework-help\/","title":{"rendered":"Art 101 guide 3 | History homework help"},"content":{"rendered":"
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GUIDE 3<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>UNIT 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

EGYPTIAN ART<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Time (beginning of work):<\/span>\"2children_relief_b&w_RamoseTomb_1375\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Children of the Deceased (detail of a limestone relief). Tomb of Ramose in Thebes. 1375 B.C<\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Many students find ancient <\/span>Egypt<\/span> a fascinating<\/span> subject, and so do I. This is why I will provide more information in this guide. The last pages are offered for extracurricular learning.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Overlook of Egyptian art \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>Extra credit project <\/span>(<\/span>1point)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/ibp_i7bekQU\/hqdefault.jpg?custom=true&w=168&h=94&stc=true&jpg444=true&jpgq=90&sp=68&sigh=_RrM9thV-jqQEF_5GqNAwvQG7s8\"<\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Image-link (<\/span>Point and \u201cCtrl + click\u201d)<\/span>
<\/span>If you have a few minutes to learn more and understand better Egyptian art, you are welcome to watch this Video.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>
<\/span>Notes <\/span>on important issues and interesting facts (<\/span>8 minutes – 8 facts)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"egyptian<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

EGYPTIAN ART<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In contrast to the diversity of the Near East region, the Egyptians created <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

a remarkably stable civilization that endured without major changes for some <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

3000 years.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What land is called the Fertile Crescent<\/span><\/strong>? –\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>*__<\/span><\/span>Mesopotamian civilization <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

What area is called the Fertile Ribbon<\/span><\/strong>?\u00a0 <\/span>–\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>*__<\/span><\/span>egypt<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Why fertile?-<\/span><\/em> Because the land of Egypt had been enriched by the Nile\u2019s annual floods.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Its agriculture critically depended on those floods and fertilization they provided. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Three aspects of Egyptian art and life stand as unique<\/span><\/em>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>1.<\/span><\/span>__<\/span><\/span>religious<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>2.<\/span><\/span>__<\/span><\/span>death <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>3.<\/span><\/span>Conventionalism <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>– <\/span>this term means that Egyptian art was based on
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>traditions and conventions<\/em><\/strong> (rules) which had not changed for three millennia.\u00a0 <\/span>
<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>(Millennia<\/em> is plural for millennium<\/em>, just reminding)<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

There were three major periods in the history of Egypt<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

I am going to help you with the millennia. Take a minute to check them against your imaginary Timeline or make a quick drawing. \u00a0<\/span>I will not be asking you about the dates but you should understand and remember about the millennia. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Make sure you understand about the first and second halves of millennium B.C.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Period<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Dates<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Millennium<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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Old Kingdom<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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2680 \u2013 2258 <\/span>B.C.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>3rd<\/sup>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>millennium<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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middle kingdom<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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2000-1786 BCE<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>first half of the <\/span>2nd<\/sup> <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>millennium<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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new kingdom<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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1570-1342 BCE<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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second half of the <\/span>2nd<\/sup> <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>millennium<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Old Kingdom\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2680 \u2013 2258 <\/span>B.C.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>(3rd<\/sup> millennium<\/span>B.C.)<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n


Pyramids <\/span><\/strong>& Large Statues – <\/strong><\/span>the hallmarks of Egyptian art were created in this period.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What was the focal aspect of Egyptian religion?<\/span> –__<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

In what way did these beliefs effect the development of art? <\/span>–__<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
It is due to the funerary arts that we know so much about the life of ancient Egyptians (who lived 5000 years before us!)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sculpture\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Old Kingdom<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n


What manner of rendering of the human figure was initiated in the Old Kingdom and lasted thousands of years?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span>While reading your book, observe the detail of the tomb wall painting<\/span>(below).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Parts of the body presented <\/span>in profile<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>*<\/span>head <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>*<\/span> pelvis<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>*<\/span> legs<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Parts are shown in a <\/span>frontal view:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>* <\/span>torso\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>*<\/span> eyes<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Are figures three-dimensional or flat?\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

flat<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Fresco<\/span><\/em><\/strong> – <\/span>a painting done quick with water colors<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Were the Egyptians first to use this <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Important Art History Notions<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In the previous guide, we have already talked about Conventional <\/span><\/em><\/strong>& <\/span>Conceptual<\/span> <\/strong>styles (or manners). <\/span><\/em>There is also the third term which is close in its meaning \u2013 Stylized manner<\/span><\/em><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Terminology<\/span><\/em><\/strong> \u2013 a set of special terms \u2013 is an essential part of any area of knowledge, any discipline. It serves as a language.\u00a0 <\/span>As one cannot become a doctor without learning medical terminology, one cannot understand art history without knowing the basic terms and notions. Besides, you sound like a true art connoisseur and expert when using terms (smile).\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>The following terms are related to the major notions in art history. You are going to come across them all the time.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Any object of human figure can be rendered in two<\/strong> major ways<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/td>\n\"\"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/span> <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

naturalistically<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>or<\/span><\/p>\n

realistically<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Artists try to recreate the likeness,<\/span><\/p>\n

how the objects look in real<\/em><\/strong> life \u2013 in nature<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

in <\/span>conventional<\/span><\/strong>manner<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>or<\/span><\/p>\n

in <\/span>conceptual<\/span><\/strong> manner <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>or<\/span><\/p>\n

in <\/span>stylized<\/span><\/strong> manner<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>or<\/span><\/p>\n

in <\/span>idealistic<\/span><\/strong> manner<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

These four are close terms.
The artists do not set goal of making the images
look like \u2018real.\u2019\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Instead they consciously follow certain <\/span><\/p>\n

Conventions (rules), concepts, styles, ideals.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>
<\/span>When in doubt about any term of word – just searches the great Net.
You can simply type the word or expression and hit \u201cSearch\u201d
You can also rely on the credited free reference sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica<\/a> and Free Dictionary<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

TERMS<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>Define the following terms (type in after \u201c*\u201d)
RELIEF<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span>(certain kind of sculpture)<\/span><\/em>– <\/span>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Relief sculpture can be of two types:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

HIGH RELIEF<\/span><\/em><\/strong>– *<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>BAS-RELIEF<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>– *<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Bas<\/span><\/em><\/strong> means low<\/em><\/strong> in French. Pronounced [bah] (“s” is mute at the end of words) <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Here we are, learning French now. Don\u2019t ask me why the English-speaking art historians use French word
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cbas<\/strong>\u201d(low) for \u201clow<\/strong> relief\u201d but are quite satisfied with English word \u201chigh<\/strong>\u201d in case of \u201chigh<\/strong> relief\u201d(smile)<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>
Check this out<\/a> and see if you like how Britannica defines and illustrates the terms. If you like it \u2013 bookmark and use it. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Also remember that the notion relief<\/em><\/strong> is opposed to free-standing sculpture<\/em><\/strong>, which is also called sculpture in round. <\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Egyptian sculptors used mostly bas-relief<\/strong> technique.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

INCISED<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>detail in the sculptural relief<\/span>– *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\/What does this mean?<\/span><\/em>
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>(Remember to delete my guiding text after reading it)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Knowing Terms is a critical part of studying any discipline. Expect them to be on the tests. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Before you start reading about the Narmer Palette, <\/em><\/strong>I would like to elaborate on two terms that seem to be \u00a0<\/span>quite confusing for many (and not only students).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

The Egyptians called their Kingdom \u2018The Two Lands<\/em><\/strong>\u2019 \u2013 <\/span><\/p>\n

Upper Egypt & Lower Egypt.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Lower<\/span><\/em><\/strong> Land<\/span><\/em><\/strong> (Egypt<\/em>)<\/span> – this is how ancient Egyptian called <\/span><\/p>\n

the delta area of \u00a0<\/span>the Nile river.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Upper<\/span><\/em><\/strong> Land<\/span><\/em><\/strong> (Egypt) – <\/span><\/em>was the name for the territories located up the river, beyond the city of Amarna. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhile the labelling of “Upper” and “Lower” might seem counterintuitive, with Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt <\/span><\/p>\n

in the north on modern maps, the terminology derives from <\/span><\/p>\n

the flow of the Nile from the highlands of East Africa<\/span><\/p>\n

(upstream) to the Mediterranean Sea (downstream).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt <\/span><\/p>\n

were united c. 3000 BCE, but each maintained its own regalia.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Narmer Palette\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>Old Kingdom<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>
<\/span><\/em><\/strong>Date:__ <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cosmetic Palettes<\/span>were used for grinding up minerals for pigments (e.g., black) to outline the eyes.
<\/span>(You will observe this type of makeup in Nefertiti bust below)<\/span><\/em> <\/span><\/p>\n

What important historical event<\/strong> did it commemorate?
<\/span>– *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Who is depicted on the back of the palette<\/span>?\u00a0 <\/span>–<\/span><\/p>\n

– *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

How does the crown of Upper Egypt<\/span> look?<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>– <\/span><\/p>\n

– *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Falcon<\/span><\/em><\/strong> is a symbol of which god?<\/span><\/p>\n

– *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bull-shaped heads<\/span><\/em><\/strong>represent which goddess? –<\/span><\/p>\n

– *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

symbolizing<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>*_<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

bobax.tripod.com\/artsmart1\/id2.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\"\"<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>http:\/\/curiositynourished<\/span>.blogspot.com\/2008\/11\/ancient-egypt-old-kingdom.html<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>
<\/span>By the way, this is a good website for children.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

And this is how the crown of Lower Egypt looked (on the right).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

It is fancier, isn\u2019t it? <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

You can make small simple sketches yourself while reading.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

This is a good study technique \u2013 <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

it helps to memorize info. It is also fun.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Manner<\/strong> in which the king is depicted – naturalistic<\/em><\/strong> or conventional<\/em><\/strong>? <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>[Leave the right term and erase the wrong one]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As you may notice, I keep dwelling on these basic terms because they are very important. You will continue coming across all the time. Thus, it is going to happen on the next page\u2026<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Now take a look at the front of the palette<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

REGISTER<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 <\/span>– <\/span>*<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Define Term<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

How many registers is the palette divided into? – *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

What can you tell about the size<\/strong> of the king\u2019s figure? – <\/span>*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Go back to take another glance at the Akkadian Victory Stele of Naram Sin and you will see a similar case.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Keep in mind that making major figures larger<\/span> (e.g., kings and gods) had been typical for all ancient art.<\/span><\/span><\/em>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Egyptian<\/span>tomb sculpture<\/span> is represented by large-size statues also called <\/span>KA-statues<\/span><\/p>\n

– <\/span>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>[<\/span>Describe how they were made]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

KA-statues – *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/em><\/span>[explain their purpose]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Are the KA-statues naturalistically done portraits? – <\/span>*\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Note that there was still some touch of realism<\/em><\/strong> in the faces of these statures. Do you know why?<\/span><\/p>\n

Supposedly, the lifelikeness let the Ka<\/strong> (soul) to recognize the statue as its dwelling) <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\"\"<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Statue of<\/span>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>–<\/span> example of Ka-figure<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Date: *\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(3rd<\/sup> millennium B.C.)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Observe the statue closely and find all the typical <\/span><\/p>\n

features for Old Kingdom sculpture:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • rigid posture <\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • frontal gaze<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • block-like quality\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • clenched\u00a0 <\/span>fists <\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Name the conventional attributes<\/strong> of the pharaoh<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    * __<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    *__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    *__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Falcon<\/span><\/strong> (sitting behind his head) represents
the sun god<\/span>__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Canon of proportions<\/span><\/em><\/strong> – <\/span>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>[Define Term]<\/span><\/p>\n

[Note: Canon<\/span><\/em><\/strong> generally means set of rules<\/span><\/em><\/strong>] <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tomb sculpture was usually carved in very hard stones like granite<\/em><\/strong> or diorite<\/em><\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/span>Any idea why they would choose the hard materials? – <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Architecture\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Old Kingdom<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/em><\/strong>– The most spectacular remains of Ancient Egypt<\/span>. \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>[find Giza on the map] <\/span><\/p>\n

In what period were these pyramids built?\u00a0 <\/span>–\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In what millennium? – <\/span>*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

What was their purpose? – <\/span>*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jot down a few numbers to demonstrate the gigantic size of these amazing structures (no need to memorize).\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Height:\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ad*__<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Weight of one block:\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ad*__<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>How many of blocks? :\u00a0 <\/span>\u00ad*__<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


What was the material the pyramids were constructed of?<\/span> –*__<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

How do the interiors look? <\/span>–*__<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

What was the problem that the pharaohs failed to foresee when creating their Houses for Eternal afterlife? <\/span>–*__<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Many of them probably lost this chance for eternity forever. Isn\u2019t it sad\u2026 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\"\"<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>
\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>An oasis and the pyramids of Giza. 1917.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Credit: <\/span><\/span>3info2u.com\/info-great-pyramid-of-giza.htm<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Middle Kingdom\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>2000 \u2013 1786 <\/span>B.C.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>(Early 2rd<\/sup> millennium<\/span>B.C.)<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Rock-Cut Tombs<\/span><\/em><\/strong>–<\/span><\/em>*<\/span><\/span>__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Explain how they were built.\u00a0 <\/span>Why did the Egyptians switched from constructing the pyramids to building rock-cut tombs?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

New Kingdom\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>2rd<\/sup> millennium<\/span>B.C. (2nd<\/sup> half)<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The New Kingdom dates from<\/span>1570 to 1342 <\/span>B.C.<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>________<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

________\/___\/___\/___\/\u00ad\u00ad___\/__<\/span>_\/<\/span><\/strong><\/span>___\/___\/___\/\u00ad\u00ad___\/__<\/span>\/<\/span><\/strong>_______________ \/____________O____<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>2000 <\/span><\/strong>B.C.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>1500 <\/span><\/strong>B.C.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>1300 B.C.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>1000 <\/span><\/strong>B.C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>500 B.C.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

History of Egypt<\/span><\/strong> in the transition from the Middle Kingdom to the next period.<\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Art of the New Kingdom<\/span><\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\/List the main features<\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mortuary<\/span><\/em><\/strong> Temple<\/span><\/em><\/strong>– a new architectural form developed in the New Kingdom.<\/span><\/p>\n

In what ways was a different from the pyramids<\/em>?<\/strong><\/span>*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mortuary \u00adTemple of Queen *<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u2026.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>[<\/span><\/span>type the name of the famous she-pharaoh]<\/span><\/p>\n

Describe appearance and construction of this temple. How did it look 3,500 years ago?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>(Not as barren as in this picture, that for sure\u2026).<\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Colonnade<\/span><\/em><\/strong> – <\/span>* \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\"\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

The<\/span><\/strong>Amarna Revolution: The Reign of Akhenaton and Nefertiti<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Amarna Style in Egyptian art\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>New Kingdom<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Amenhotep IV<\/span><\/strong> rose to power during the 14th<\/sup> century B.C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Akhenaton<\/span> \u2013 <\/span><\/strong>his new name in honor of the sun god*<\/span><\/strong><\/span>____.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>New Kingdom \u00a0<\/span><\/span>(1570- 1342<\/span>B.C.<\/span>)<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

______________<\/span>\/__<\/span><\/strong>______\/<\/span><\/span>Amarna period<\/span>__\/_________\/\u00ad\u00ad_________\/________<\/span>\/<\/span><\/strong>___________________\/<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>1500 <\/span><\/strong>B.C.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>1400<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1300 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>1200<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>1100\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>1000 <\/span><\/strong>B.C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>500 B.C.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>14th<\/sup><\/span>century bc<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/sub><\/p>\n

Why did he choose this name? *_\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

That is correct, the revolutionary pharaoh Akhen<\/strong><\/span>aton<\/span><\/strong>, established a cult of the sun god <\/strong><\/span>*_\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

He also fostered a new and distinctive artistic style.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

At this moment you are probably reading about the \u201cmonotheistic fury\u201d of Akhenaton.<\/span><\/p>\n

In what way did this fury express itself? *_<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Monotheistic \u2013 what does this term mean? <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Greek and Latin words:<\/span><\/p>\n

Mono<\/span><\/em>\u2013 one, single <\/span><\/p>\n

Poly<\/span><\/em> – many\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mono<\/span><\/span><\/em>theism<\/span><\/em> – a belief in one god.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Poly<\/span><\/span><\/em>theism<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>– a belief that there are\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>(your guess)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Another example: Poly<\/span><\/span>chromatic (painting) <\/span><\/em>\u2013 painted with many colors;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Mono<\/span><\/span><\/em>chromatic<\/span><\/em> \u2013 in one color (+ white); close shades can be used.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Why did the period and style were named Amarna? – *<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The short period of the Akhenaton\u2019s reign (17 years) is called a Revolution<\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Revolution \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong>(term)<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span><\/strong>his word does not necessarily mean a revolt or uprising. In a wider sense of the word, it indicates any drastic<\/span> changes happening in a very short period of time<\/span><\/span>.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/span><\/em>Pillar statue of *<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>from the Temple of <\/span><\/span>*__<\/span><\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>in <\/span><\/span>Karnak <\/span><\/span>(city).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Date: <\/span><\/span>*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Observing the statue of Akhenaton put a few lines on \u201crevolutionary\u201d changes in art.<\/span><\/p>\n

Characteristics<\/span><\/strong> of the Amarna<\/strong> style <\/strong>(based on description of the statue):<\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Did the sculptor intend to create a likeness of the pharaoh<\/em>?<\/span> *__<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

I would emphasize two critical features:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Curving fluid lines<\/span><\/strong> as opposed to the rigid and block-like<\/span>forms of earlier sculptures (remember a block-like seating stature of Khafre?) <\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Realism\/Naturalism – <\/span><\/strong>rendering in likeness \u2013 \u2018Warts and all\u2019<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Here is a curious fact(particularly if you are interested in medicine) : the naturalistic Akhenaton\u2019s depictions is so vivid that it has allowed the doctors to suggest that the pharaoh had hydrocephalus or Marfan\u2019s syndrome (based on the cone-shaped head, elongated face and jar, pot belly and flaring hips).\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    The revolutionary changes in art canbe even better seen in the bust of the pharaoh’s beautiful wife. <\/span><\/p>\n

    [Bust<\/em><\/strong><\/span> \u2013 <\/span>a piece of sculpture representing a person\u2019s head; could be with the shoulders or upper chest<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Bust of\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>*<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>[type the Queen\u2019s name]<\/span><\/p>\n

    This work of art is considered to be the most extraordinary artistic <\/span><\/p>\n

    achievement of the Amarna period and entire ancient art.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Date: *\u2026<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Material: *\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Size: *\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u201cEternal female, ceaselessly watching\u2026\u201d\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/em>(art critic)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    She was alsocalled a universal model of woman\u2019s beauty.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    How do you feel about such a definition?<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Doesn’t this way of outlining eyes remind you about <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    60-s make-up type?<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    The life-sized carved portrait was discovered in 1912 by a team of German archaeologists\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    in the desert sands near the long-lost city Amarna<\/strong> founded by Akhenaten. (Left eye is unfinished)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    This statue-head (bust<\/em>) is one of the most arresting images of world art.\u00a0 <\/span>The Queen has a fascinating vitality. <\/span><\/p>\n

    What means did the ancient sculptor use to enhance the naturalism<\/strong> of the work (likeness)?<\/span><\/p>\n

    * _<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    There is a nice eulogy of Queen Nefertiti in your book – read it and take another look at this beautiful face.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Remember you were reading about the Narmer palette? Nefertiti was probably using one of the cosmetic palette of a more refine design than heroic subject of the Narmer palette (but again, she lived 1,500 years later)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    Pop-quiz for you here: Who\u2019s who?
    Which eyes belonged to the Egyptian Queen Nefertiti and whose are Elizabeth Taylor\u2019s?
    <\/span><\/em>\"\"<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\"\"\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span>Elizabeth Taylor played a role of an Egyptian queen in the celebrated Hollywood movie \u201cCleopatra\u201d \u2013 but she had her eyes outlined not only in the film but in life too. I am sure you were able to guess right about the eyes (Who\u2019s Who). \u00a0<\/span>But would not you admit that Nefertiti has the same make-up that was in vogue in the 1960s! And still is today ( 3500 years later). Now you know how far back this make-up fashion dates!
    <\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em>\"https:\/\/tse3.mm.bing.net\/th?id=OIP.Mb9a9831713b2c56a534a969676375927o1&pid=15.1&P=0&w=300&h=300\"<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em>\"\"\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>
    <\/span>If you have the time you can watch the legendary movie once again. Even though the settings are not too scientifically reconstructed you can still enjoy seeing ancient Egypt coming alive.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tutankhamen <\/span>\u2013 was Akhenaten\u2019s immediate successor<\/span>. <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span>King Tut<\/span><\/span><\/em> was also called the boy-king<\/span> –<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span>*\u2026\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\/Why such a term?<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tutankhamen\u2019s tomb<\/span><\/em> was discovered in <\/span>1922<\/span> virtually intact by *.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\/<\/span><\/em><\/span>Archeologist\u2019s name\/<\/span><\/p>\n

    It is considered the greatest discovery in the history of archaeology<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\/Describe it in a few words<\/span><\/p>\n

    *\u2026\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    *\u2026\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    *\u2026\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tutankhamen\u2019s coffin \u2013 the most <\/span>spectacular find\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>– <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Material:\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>*__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>*\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\/Provide few facts<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>*\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>*\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    I would like to show you one more piece from the Tutankhamen\u2019s tomb treasury \u2013 his throne, representing his parents-in-law \u2013Akhenaten and Nefertiti.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Throne of Tutankhamen<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    The throne\u2019s back shows the royal couple in a homely idyll.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    King\u2019s <\/span>wife is touching him in a very gentle affectionate manner.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Observe how the pharaoh sits on his chair. <\/span><\/p>\n

    Can you see any sign of the official solemnity proper for <\/span><\/p>\n

    a living god (who the pharaohs were believed to<\/span> be)?<\/span><\/p>\n

    (Compare to the earlier statues of the pharaohs?). <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    This piece clearly demonstrates that Amarna art brought<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span>a revolutionary change – the thousands years old rules <\/span><\/p>\n

    were broken.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    We can only imagine how shocking this kind of art <\/span><\/p>\n

    was for the Egyptians and priests of the day because <\/span><\/p>\n

    of its novelty.\u00a0 <\/span>Maybe even more shocking than some contemporary art is for many today.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Type and remember the name of this style?- <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span>*\u2026\u2026.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tutankhamen<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\/<\/span>Read the page about the young pharaoh and write down a few facts<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

    *__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    *__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    *__<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Guide 4 is done.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    The very last thing – make sure you are well oriented in time and know when the visionary \u201cpharaoh-heretic\u201d lived and created the <\/span>Amarna style<\/span>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n